II. Introduction to Plants

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II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary
History 1. Green Algal roots Ulva (sea
lettuce)
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II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary
History 1. Green Algal roots Ulva (sea
lettuce)
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II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary
History 1. Green Algal roots Ulva (sea
lettuce) 2. Colonization of Land Environmental
Diffs Aquatic Habitats Terrestrial Water
available Desiccating
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II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary
History 1. Green Algal roots Ulva (sea
lettuce) 2. Colonization of Land Environmental
Diffs Aquatic Habitats Terrestrial Water
available Desiccating Sunlight
absorbed Sunlight available
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II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary
History 1. Green Algal roots Ulva (sea
lettuce) 2. Colonization of Land Environmental
Diffs Aquatic Habitats Terrestrial Water
available Desiccating Sunlight
absorbed Sunlight available Nutrients at
Depth Nutrients available
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II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary
History 1. Green Algal roots Ulva (sea
lettuce) 2. Colonization of Land Environmental
Diffs Aquatic Habitats Terrestrial Water
available Desiccating Sunlight
absorbed Sunlight available Nutrients at
Depth Nutrients available Buoyant Less
Supportive
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II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary
History 1. Green Algal roots Ulva (sea
lettuce) 2. Colonization of Land Environmental
Diffs Aquatic Habitats Terrestrial Water
available Desiccating Sunlight
absorbed Sunlight available Nutrients at
Depth Nutrients available Buoyant Less
Supportive Low oxygen, higher CO2 reverse
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II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary
History 1. Green Algal roots Ulva (sea
lettuce) 2. Colonization of Land Environmental
Diffs B. Adaptations to Life on Land 1. Waxy
Cuticle (reduce water loss)
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II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary
History 1. Green Algal roots Ulva (sea
lettuce) 2. Colonization of Land Environmental
Diffs B. Adaptations to Life on Land 1. Waxy
Cuticle (reduce water loss) 2. Gametes protected
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II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary
History 1. Green Algal roots Ulva (sea
lettuce) 2. Colonization of Land Environmental
Diffs B. Adaptations to Life on Land 1. Waxy
Cuticle (reduce water loss) 2. Gametes
protected 3. Embryo protected
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II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary
History 1. Green Algal roots Ulva (sea
lettuce) 2. Colonization of Land Environmental
Diffs B. Adaptations to Life on Land 1. Waxy
Cuticle (reduce water loss) 2. Gametes
protected 3. Embryo protected VULNERABLE 4.
Spore wall thick
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II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary
History 1. Green Algal roots Ulva (sea
lettuce) 2. Colonization of Land Environmental
Diffs B. Adaptations to Life on Land 1. Waxy
Cuticle (reduce water loss) 2. Gametes
protected 3. Embryo protected VULNERABLE 4.
Spore wall thick 5. Support
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II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary
History B. Adaptations to Life on Land C.
Plant Evolution Acquisition of Terrestriality
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III. Plant Diversity A. Non-tracheophytes (no
true vascular tissue) 1. Characteristics a.
short (no vascular tissues)
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III. Plant Diversity A. Non-tracheophytes (no
true vascular tissue) 1. Characteristics a.
short (no vascular tissues) b. limited to moist
habitats (swimming sperm)
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III. Plant Diversity A. Non-tracheophytes (no
true vascular tissue) 1. Characteristics a.
short (no vascular tissues) b. limited to moist
habitats (swimming sperm) c. have cuticle
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III. Plant Diversity A. Non-tracheophytes (no
true vascular tissue) 2. Diversity a.
Liverworts most primitive plants - lie
flat on ground - antheridia and archegonia
on surface
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III. Plant Diversity A. Non-tracheophytes (no
true vascular tissue) 2. Diversity a.
Liverworts most primitive plants b. Mosses
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III. Plant Diversity A. Non-tracheophytes (no
true vascular tissue) 2. Diversity a.
Liverworts most primitive plants b. Mosses
- have stomata regulate water loss -
grow from tip (apical) - antheridia and
archegonia at stalk tips
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Archegonium
Antheridium
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III. Plant Diversity A. Non-tracheophytes (no
true vascular tissue) 2. Diversity a.
Liverworts most primitive plants b. Mosses
- have stomata regulate water loss -
grow from tip (apical) - antheridia and
archegonia at stalk tips - swimming sperm
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• III. Plant Diversity
• B. Tracheophyte Origins
• 1. The Rhyniophyta
• vascular system of phloem and xylem

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• III. Plant Diversity
• B. Tracheophyte Origins
• 1. The Rhyniophyta
• Silurian 440 mya
• vascular system of phloem and xylem
• tracheids in sporophytes
• - water and nutrient distribution

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Gymnosperms Angiosperms
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• III. Plant Diversity
• B. Tracheophyte Origins
• 1. The Rhyniophyta
• vascular system of phloem and xylem
• tracheids in sporophytes
• - water and nutrient distribution
• - lignin and support

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III. Plant Diversity B. Tracheophyte
Origins 4. Life History simple (primitive) -
Homospory
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III. Plant Diversity C. Non-seed
Tracheophytes 1. Lycophytes (Club Mosses)
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III. Plant Diversity C. Non-seed
Tracheophytes 1. Lycophytes - (Club Mosses) -
ancient dominated first forests 300-350
mya
Lepidodendron - 45m -Carboniferous
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III. Plant Diversity C. Non-seed
Tracheophytes 1. Lycophytes - (Club Mosses) -
ancient dominated first forests 300-350 mya
- simple leaves
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III. Plant Diversity C. Non-seed
Tracheophytes 1. Lycophytes - (Club Mosses) -
ancient dominated first forests 300-350 mya
- simple leaves - Dominant Sporophyte (with
stobili)
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III. Plant Diversity C. Non-seed
Tracheophytes 1. Lycophytes - (Club Mosses)
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III. Plant Diversity C. Non-seed
Tracheophytes 1. Ferns and their allies
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III. Plant Diversity C. Non-seed
Tracheophytes 1. Ferns and their allies -
true complex leaves
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III. Plant Diversity C. Non-seed
Tracheophytes 1. Ferns and their allies -
true complex leaves - true roots
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III. Plant Diversity C. Non-seed
Tracheophytes 2. Ferns and their allies -
true complex leaves - true roots - also
ancient appearing 350 mya - dominant
sporophyte reduced gametophyte
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Fern Life Cycle