RFID? ??? ????? ???

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RFID? ??? ????? ???

• 2005? 4? 15?
• ???
• ????? ??????
• obkwon_at_khu.ac.kr

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Ubiquitous services Biz model
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Ubiquitous services Biz model
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Service Architecture
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RFID-Based Ubiquitous Services

• Some cases
• NAMA-RFID
• RFID-Based Reminder System
• NAMA-US
• RFID-Based Community Computing

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Some cases (COEX, 2005)

• CAM
• Security control
• Ads
• Home management
• Healthcare
• Convention
• Automobile maintenance
• Environment
• Smart elevator, etc.

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CAM
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CAM
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CAM
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Security control
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NAMA-RFIDRFID-based reminder system
Reminder System
Semantic web

• Manual input of reminding condition
• Personal resources are not machine understandable

Context-aware Reminder System
RFID-Based Context Aware Applications

• Proactive reminder
• Automated need identification

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Need Identification
Any other products?
Buyer coalition formation
Product brokering
What to buy?
Whom to buy from?
Need identification
Merchant brokering
Under what terms?
Product service and evaluation
Negotiation
Purchase and delivery
Credit cards, By air, by ship?
How is it going?
Customer Buying Behavior Model
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Associative Theory forNeed Identification Support

• RescorlaWagners model
• The change of the strength of association
  consists of the strength of conditional stimulus
  , the strength of unconditional stimulus , and
  the differences between the strength of
  association of unconditional stimulus and the
  strength of overall association.

Context
Context
Buying Intention
Buying Intention
Need Identification
Need Identification
Reminder
Stimulus
(solution 1)
(solution 2)
Stimulus
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Gerlach and Kuos Model (1991)
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Amended Model
Personal resources
Internal Context (e.g. URL)
e-Wallet web service
Need Aware Reminder System (NAMA)
Web service matchmaker
External context (e.g. current location)
Web services
Context web service
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Ontology
E-Wallet ontology - Personal Profile -
Personal Preference - To Purchase
List Context ontology - Time - Location
- User location - Entity location -
URL Service ontology
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NAMA-RFID Architecture
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Context in NAMA-RFID

• Time
• Current time
• Available service time
• Location
• RDIF-based
• Identity
• User ID
• Entity
• Currently available services/shops

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RFID recognition
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Context-ware Need Identification

• Acquiring context data from RFID
• - User ID
• Acquiring user profile/preference
• from E-Wallet
• Context-aware need identification
• identify needs with
• user profile based reasoning
• to purchase lists in E-wallet
• using CBR

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Context-ware Need Identification
Case base
Adding new case
Reasoning results
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Service Match Making

• Constraint-based search Case-based reasoning
• User preference estimation on a web service

where Ci is the ith contextual feature, Sj s the
jth static feature, and Pk is the kth preference
score
where k is an integer value range from (0,N),
where N is the maximum score
e.g.
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Service Selection
ltneed-aware remindergt
lttypical remindergt
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Service Scenario
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Actual Interface
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User Test
Sample size 209
Self- Efficacy
Perceived Ease-of-use
7.15
2.59
-
Behavior Intention
5.44
4.61
6.63
Preference New-Tech.
Perceived Usefulness
-
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Summary

• NAMA-RFID
• Inviting Associative theory toward Automated Need
  Identification
• Multi-agent based web services
• Open personal resources (E-Wallet)
• Could be a good application of context-aware
  mobile service

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NAMA-US

• Applying community computing concepts

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• Functions of community computing
• 1. Knowing each other
• 2. Sharing preference and knowledge over the
  Internet
• 3. Generating consensus for heterogeneous
  communities
• 4. Supporting everyday life by multi-agent
  technologies
• 5. Assisting social events by personal digital
  assistants

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Virtual ad hoc conference with RFID and Mobile
devices Based on community computing and need
identification technology
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Buyer coalition formation
Service brokering
What to get served?
Any other services?
From whom to buy?
Need identification
Merchant brokering
Under what terms?
Service evaluation
Negotiation
Purchase and delivery
Credit cards, phone banking, etc.?
How is it going?
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Community member 1
Agent Community
UUDI for Agent list
Identification of current state
Need revelation
Group formation
Service brokering
Identification of goal state
Intention to expire the gap
Any other services?
What to get served?
From whom to get served?
Gap between the current and goal states
Tension about the gap
Need identification
Agent brokering
Community member 2
Under what terms?
Identification of current state
Need revelation
Service evaluation
Negotiation
Identification of goal state
Intention to expire the gap
Credit cards, phone banking, etc.?
Purchase and get served
How is it going?
Gap between the current and goal states
Tension about the gap
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Content for need Identification
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Community
Contextually assigned group
RFID Tag
B
C
A
a b c d
D
E
b c e
c f g h
f h k
t u v
RFID reader
RFID reader
RFID reader
RFID Tag
RFID reader
RFID reader
RFID Tag
GDSS Task agent
RFID data
c, k
Context-aware group formation
Dispatched to
GDSS Task agent
GDSS Task agent
GDSS Task agent
NAMA-US
c, k
k, m
f, g, h
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• GDSS Task Agent
• Negotiation
• Voting
• Knowledge share
• Idea generation
• Auction / Reverse auction
• etc.

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Summary

• RFID is nothing but a sensor. However,
• Can be hidden (cf. OCR)
• Attachable
• In- and out-door (cf. GPS)
• Cost effective ?
• RFID-based context aware computing
• Business model?
• Level of Service of RFID-based service
• Operational feasibility
• Who is willing to provide?
• Technical feasibility
• Privacy concern
• Economical feasibility
• Potential competitor